Digital Epidemiologist & AI Researcher

Onicio B. Leal Neto

PhD, MS

Assistant Research Professor at the University of Arizona, exploring the intersection of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and public health to transform how we detect, track, and respond to disease.

SCROLL

01

Background

Current Position

Assistant Research Professor at the University of Arizona, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Leading initiatives in digital epidemiology and AI integration in public health education.

Global Experience

Former Senior Researcher at ETH Zurich, Post-doctoral researcher at University of Zurich. Collaborated with UNICEF, Pan-American Health Organization, and founded Epitrack—a health surveillance startup acquired by Colab.re.

Education

2018

Doctor of Philosophy, Epidemiology and Public Health

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Brazil)

Dissertation: Digital Disease Detection—health data mining and participatory surveillance strategies in Brazil

2014

Master of Science, Public Health

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Brazil)

Dissertation: SCHISTO TRACK—A System for Gathering and Monitoring Epidemiological Surveys by Connecting Geographical Information Systems in Real Time

2012

Residency in Collective Health

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Brazil)

2009

Bachelor of Science, Biomedical Sciences

ASCES/FAAPE (Brazil)

Honors & Awards

2020

Best Innovation/Implementation Project

Swiss Society for Hospital Hygiene

2017

Best Mobile Health Government Award

World Government Award

2017

Success Entrepreneur Startup

PEGN/INSPER

2016

Top 10 Brazilian Innovators

PEGN Brazil

2016

Open Innovation (Popular Vote)

Sustainable Brands

2016

Honor Mention for Applied Innovation in Health

Parliament of Pernambuco State

2015

The Venture Brazil

Pernod Ricard

2014

Best Master's Degree Dissertation

Brazil's Ministry of Health Award

02

Research

Digital Epidemiology

My research in digital epidemiology focuses on leveraging modern data streams to understand and track disease patterns in populations. This includes developing participatory surveillance systems that engage communities directly in health monitoring, analyzing wearable technology data to detect early physiological signals of illness, and applying social network analysis to understand how diseases and health behaviors spread through connected populations. By combining these approaches, we can create more responsive and inclusive public health surveillance systems.

AI/ML in Public Health

My work in artificial intelligence and machine learning for public health aims to transform how we process and interpret health data at scale. I develop AI-powered tools for early outbreak detection, natural language processing systems for mining epidemiological insights from diverse data sources, and predictive models for rapid response during public health emergencies. A central focus is ensuring these technologies are accessible, ethical, and designed to reduce health disparities, advancing AI literacy and fluency among public health professionals while building systems that serve all communities.

Programs & Initiatives

Editorial Roles

Associate Editor

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (2024–Present)
PLoS Digital Health (2025–Present)

Ad-hoc Reviewer

PLOS One • PLOS Digital Health • PLOS Global Health • The Lancet Regional • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

03

Publications

Access my complete publication record, citations, and research impact metrics through Google Scholar.

View on Google Scholar

Submitted & In Review

  • Luzingu, J., Hakim, I., & Leal-Neto, O.

    Large language models' interpretation homogeneity and text Analysis: Evaluating the utility of the global flu view platform for Influenza surveillance. In Review

    medRxiv, 2025-01. Pre-print

  • Enlow, MB, Petty CR, Cimini SR, Sidamon-Eristoff AE, Mulligan K, Quigley K, Leal-Neto, O, Dzekedzeke L, Laher B, Phuka J, Tomaselli N, Lichand, G.

    Initial validation of a method for assessing autonomic nervous system reactivity in epidemiological studies and low resource settings. In Review

    Pre-print

  • Lichand, G., Leal Neto, O., Phuka, J., Chipojola, R., Laher, B., et al.

    The Early Childhood Development Replication Crisis, and How Wearable Technologies Could Help Overcome It. In Review

    SSRN

  • Leal-Neto, O.

    Harnessing Digital Health Innovations in global maternal and child health. Forthcoming

    In: Maternal and Child Health – Global Challenges, Programs and Policies. 2nd Edition. Springer Nature

Published Articles

  • Smolinski, M., Divi, N., & Neto, O. L. 2025

    Collaborative Surveillance: Using a Minimum Set of Key Data Parameters for One Health Participatory Surveillance.

    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 11(1), e77448. DOI

  • Niksirat KV, Munyendo CW, Leal-Neto OB, Katya M, Kouassi C, Ochieng K, et al. 2025

    Reimagining wearable-based digital contact tracing: Insights from Kenya and Côte d'Ivoire.

    ACM CHI'25. DOI

  • McNeil C, Divi N, Bargeron IV CT, Capobianco Dondona A, Ernst KC, Gupta AS, Fasominu O, Keatts L, Kelly T, Leal Neto OB et al. 2025

    Data Parameters From Participatory Surveillance Systems in Human, Animal, and Environmental Health From Around the Globe: Descriptive Analysis.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e55356. DOI

  • Valerio, M. G. P., Laher, B., Phuka, J., Lichand, G., Paolotti, D., & Leal Neto, O. 2024

    Participatory Disease Surveillance for the Early Detection of Cholera-Like Diarrheal Disease Outbreaks in Rural Villages in Malawi: Prospective Cohort Study.

    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 10, e49539. DOI

  • Divi, N., Mantero, J., Libel, M., Leal Neto, O., Schultheiss, M., Sewalk, K., ... & Smolinski, M. 2024

    Using EpiCore to Enable Rapid Verification of Potential Health Threats: Illustrated Use Cases and Summary Statistics.

    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 10, e52093. DOI

  • Leal Neto O, Von Wyl V. 2024

    Digital Transformation of Public Health for Noncommunicable Diseases: Narrative Viewpoint of Challenges and Opportunities.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e49575. DOI

  • Kohler, P., Babouee Flury, B., Güsewell, S., Egger, T., Leal, O., Brucher, A., ... & SURPRISE Study Group. 2023

    Clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection during the Omicron period in relation to baseline immune status and booster vaccination.

    Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 17(6), e13167. DOI

  • Leal Neto O, Paolotti D, Dalton C, Carlson S, Susumpow P, Parker M, et al. 2023

    Enabling Multicentric Participatory Disease Surveillance for Global Health Enhancement: Viewpoint on Global Flu View.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023;9:e46644. DOI

  • Wittwer S, Paolotti D, Lichand G, Leal Neto O. 2023

    Participatory Surveillance for COVID-19 Trend Detection in Brazil: Cross-sectional Study.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023;9:e44517. DOI

  • Babouee Flury B, Güsewell S, Egger T, Leal O, Brucher A, et al. 2022

    Risk and symptoms of COVID-19 in health professionals according to baseline immune status and booster vaccination during the Delta and Omicron waves in Switzerland.

    PLOS Medicine 19(11): e1004125. DOI

  • Haller, S., Güsewell, S., Egger, T., Scanferla, G., Thoma, R., Leal-Neto, O. B., et al. 2022

    Impact of respirator versus surgical masks on SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in healthcare workers: a prospective multicentre cohort.

    Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 11(1). DOI

  • Strahm, C., Seneghini, M., Güsewell, S., Egger, T., Leal, O., et al. 2022

    Symptoms compatible with long-COVID in healthcare workers with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection - results of a prospective multicenter cohort.

    Clinical Infectious Diseases. DOI

  • Lichand, G., Doria, C.A., Leal-Neto, O. et al. 2022

    The impacts of remote learning in secondary education during the pandemic in Brazil.

    Nature Human Behaviour. DOI

  • Lichand, G., Doria, C. A., Fernandes, J. P. C., & Leal-Neto, O. 2022

    Association of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with school reopening in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 3, No. 2). DOI

  • Leal-Neto O, Egger T, Schlegel M, Flury D, Sumer J, Albrich W, et al. 2021

    Digital SARS-CoV-2 detection among hospital employees: Participatory Surveillance study.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill. DOI

  • Leal Neto O, Haenni S, Phuka J, Ozella L, Paolotti D, Cattuto C, Robles D, Lichand G. 2021

    Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach.

    JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2021 Mar 5;7(3):e23154. DOI

  • Kahlert CR, Persi R, Güsewell S, Egger T, Leal-Neto OB, Sumer J, et al. 2021

    Non-occupational and occupational factors associated with specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among hospital workers – A multicentre cross-sectional study.

    Clinical Microbiology and Infection. Link

  • Kohler, P., Kahlert, C., Sumer, J., Flury, D., Güsewell, S., Leal-Neto, O., et al. 2020

    Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among Swiss Hospital Workers - Results of a Prospective Cohort Study.

    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 1-15. DOI

  • Ozella, L., Paolotti, D., Lichand, G., Rodriguez, J. P., Haenni, S., Phuka, J., Leal-Neto OB & Cattuto, C. 2021

    Using wearable proximity sensors to characterize social contact patterns in a village of rural Malawi.

    EPJ Data Sci. 10, 46. DOI

  • Leal-Neto O.B, Santos F.A.S, Lee J.Y, Albuquerque J.O, Souza W.V. 2020

    Prioritizing COVID-19 tests based on participatory surveillance and spatial scanning.

    International Journal of Medical Informatics, Volume 143, 104263. DOI

  • Leal Neto O, Cruz O, Albuquerque J, Sousa M, Smolinski M, Libel M, Cesse E, Vieira Souza W. 2019

    Participatory surveillance based on crowdsourcing during Olympic games Rio 2016: the case of Guardians of Health.

    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Dimech, G.; Libel, M.; Souza, W. V.; Cesse, E.; Smolinski, M.; Oliveira, W.; Albuquerque, J. 2017

    Saúde na Copa: The World's First Application of Participatory Surveillance for a Mass Gathering: FIFA World Cup 2014, Brazil.

    Journal of Medical Internet Research, v. 3, p. 1-10. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Albuquerque, J.; Souza, W. V.; Cesse, E.; Cruz, O. G. 2017

    Disruptive innovations and transformations in public health in the digital age.

    Reports in Public Health, v. 33, p. 1-4. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Albuquerque, J.; Cruz, O. G.; Cesse, E.; Souza, W. V. 2017

    Optimistic perspectives for the health of the future.

    Reports in Public Health, v. 33, p. 1. DOI

  • Leal-Neto, OB, et al. 2016

    Role of Mass gathering surveillance.

    In: Disease Surveillance: Technological contributions to global health security. CRC Press. Boca Raton. ISBN 9781482254396

  • Paolotti D, Shah U, Edelstein M, Leal Neto O, Kostokova P, Wood C. 2019

    Digital Health Innovation: From Proof of Concept to Public Value.

    Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Digital Public Health. ISBN: 978-1-4503-7208-4. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Libel, M.; Dimech, G. S.; Ferreira, J. P.; Oliveira, W. 2016

    Digital disease detection and participatory surveillance: overview and perspectives for Brazil.

    Revista de Saúde Pública (Online), v. 50, p. 1-5. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O.B.; Loyo R.; Albuquerque, J.; Perazzo; J.; Barbosa, V.; Barbosa, CS. 2015

    Using mobile technology to conduct epidemiological investigations.

    Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. vol.48 no.1. DOI

  • Corley C; Leal-Neto, OB; Taylor C; Escobar-Vieira C; Vilas, VDR. 2015

    What's in your pocket? Trends in Mobile Apps for Biosurveillance and Decision-making.

    Online J Public Health Inform. 2015; 7(1):e3. DOI

  • Leal Neto, OB; Albuquerque CM; Albuquerque JO; Barbosa CS. 2014

    The Schisto Track: A System for Gathering and Monitoring Epidemiological Surveys by Connecting Geographical Information Systems in Real Time.

    JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2014;2(1):e10. DOI

  • Oliveira, W.; Dimech, G. S.; Leal-Neto, O.; Libel, M.; Smolinski, M. 2014

    The world's first application of participatory surveillance at a mass gathering: FIFA World Cup 2014, brazil.

    International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance, Vienna. p. 44-44.

  • Barbosa, C.S.; Santos, R. S.; Gomes, E. C.G.; Araújo, K. C. G. M.; Albuquerque, J.; Melo, F.; Leal-Neto O. B.; et al. 2014

    Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in coastal areas of Pernambuco State, Brazil.

    Revista de Patologia Tropical. DOI

  • Barbosa, C.S.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Souza, A.; Araujo, K. C.; Leal-Neto, O.; Guimaraes, R. 2015

    Tourism risk for schistosomiasis in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco State, Brazil.

    Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde. DOI

  • Gomes, E. C.G.; Leal-Neto, O. B.; Oliveira Junior, F. J. M.; Campos, J. V.; Santos, R. S.; Barbosa, C.S. 2014

    Risk analysis for occurrences of schistosomiasis in the coastal area of Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brazil.

    BMC Infectious Diseases (Online) v. 14. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Oliveira Junior, F. J. M.; Andrade, R.; Reis, D. L.; Santos, R. S.; Bocanegra, S.; Barbosa, C.S. 2013

    Biological and environmental factors associated with risk of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco State, Brazil.

    Cadernos de Saúde Pública v. 29, p. 357-367.

  • Leal-Neto, O. B.; Albuquerque, C. M.; Albuquerque, J.; Barbosa, C.S. 2013

    ANKOS Mobile: A System for Collecting and Monitoring Epidemiological Surveys Interconnecting GIS with Real Time Information.

    6th World Congress Medicine 2.0, London. JMIR, p. 217-218.

  • Barbosa, C. S.; Melo, F.; Melo, M.; Bezerra, L.; Campos, J. V.; Rodrigues, B.; Leal Neto, O. B.; et al. 2013

    Casos autóctones de esquistossomose mansônica em crianças de Recife, PE.

    Revista de Saúde Pública, v. 47, p. 684-690. DOI

  • Barbosa, V.S.; Araújo, K. C. G. M.; Leal Neto, O. B.; Barbosa, C. S. 2012

    Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis cases in the rural areas of Pernambuco, Brazil.

    Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. DOI

  • Leal-Neto O. B.; Lima, P. M.; Moreira, I.; Felix, L.; Sivini, M. A. V. C.; Aguiar, L. R.; et al. 2013

    Epidemiological Monitoring Of Rumors Through Social Networks During Mass Gatherings.

    6th World Congress Medicine 2.0, London. JMIR, p. 216-217.

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Cavancanti, T. Y.; Esteves, F. A. M.; Maritcha, A. A.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Araújo, K. C. G. M.; Barbosa, C. S. 2012

    Análise espacial dos casos humanos de esquistossomose em uma comunidade horticultora da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Brasil.

    Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, v. 15, p. 771-780. DOI

  • Gomes, E. C. S.; Leal Neto, O. B.; Albuquerque, J.; Silva, H. P.; Barbosa, C.S. 2011

    Schistosomiasis transmission and environmental change: a spatio-temporal analysis in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco – Brazil.

    International Journal of Health Geographics. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Albuquerque, J.; Barbosa, C.S. 2011

    Estratégias do Futuro para Enfrentar Problemas do Passado: Celulares do tipo smartphones, Twitter e SMS criam rede nova, barata e eficiente para o combate à esquistossomose.

    Scientific American Brasil, v. 106, p. 48-51. DOI

  • Barbosa, C.S.; Leal Neto, O. B.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Araujo, K. C.; Domingues, A. L. C. 2011

    The endemisation of schistosomiasis in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brazil, 10 years after the first epidemic outbreak.

    Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. DOI

  • Leal Neto, O. B.; Gomes, E. C. S.; Albuquerque, C. M.; Albuquerque, J.; Barbosa, C.S. 2011

    Use of computerized templates and mobile technology in putting epidemiological surveys into operation in the field.

    V Simpósio Nacional de Geografia da Saúde, Recife.

04

Teaching

GHI 240

Digital Public Health

Spring 2026 In-person General Education

This course offers an innovative exploration into how digital technologies are reshaping public health. Welcoming students from all backgrounds, we examine the integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things within public health's core functions—policy development, resource allocation, and health services. Through lectures, interactive discussions, and real-world case studies, students delve into the digital transformation of public health, examining its implications for ethics, equity, and access. By the end, participants will be well-prepared to contribute to public health in the digital age, whether their future careers lie in health care, technology development, policy-making, or beyond.

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GHI 463/563

Foundations of Public Health Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Spring 2026 In-person Undergraduate/Graduate

This course introduces students to the concepts, methods, and ethics of Artificial Intelligence techniques applied to public health domains. The curriculum emphasizes data acquisition and preparation, prompt engineering, large language models, data evaluation and analysis, and implementation workflows using Generative AI.

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GHI/EPID 526

Digital Epidemiology

Fall 2025 In-person Graduate

This course explores the evolution of epidemiology, from its foundations to the modern era where digital tools, novel data and platforms, and artificial intelligence are integral. We examine how the Internet, social media, mobile technologies, and other digital data sources are reshaping the way we track, predict, and control disease spread. Students learn about the role of digital surveillance systems and the impact of real-time data reporting on public health decision-making.

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HPS 459/559

Management of Global Public Health Emergencies

Fall 2025 Online Undergraduate/Graduate

This course is designed to comprehensively meet the needs of public health practitioners, equipping them with the knowledge and skills to manage public health emergencies beyond disease-specific contexts. Students learn best practices in emergency coordination, leadership, communication, and resource mobilization. The curriculum is structured around three core domains: Principles of Communicable Diseases Control and Humanitarian Coordination Architecture; Communication—including risk communication, behavior change, advocacy, and external communication; and Emergency Response Planning. The course also addresses the role of Artificial Intelligence in public health preparedness, highlighting current benchmarks, digital platforms, and ecosystems that strengthen global health security.

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